THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE STRESS CONTENT ON THE EXTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF THE OYSTER MUSHROOM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.4.0473Keywords:
Cultivation, Extensive, Inoculation, Mushroom, OysterAbstract
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) is involved in the destruction of dead wood which is the main place of settlement of several living organisms. After humification, dead wood also becomes an important component of forest soils.
The purpose of the research is to study temperature and moisture conditions of extensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms on various wood substrates. To accomplish this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the amount of effective stress temperatures and moisture content of substrates and their influence on the appearance of fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom; to study the features of the extensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms on the tree stumps of cutover areas, in the hollows of broadleaved trees, using brushwood, on inoculated log sections in trenches, on log sections of dead dry trees. The oyster mushroom fruiting bodies collected in the suburban forest formed the basis of the experiment on the inoculation of different types of substrates. The inoculation of the log sections was carried with a relative air humidity of 85%, the process of overgrowing lasted from 2 to 3 months. The edaphic-climatic factors of different types of space - closed and open - were taken into account.
The amount of effective temperatures necessary for the development of fruiting bodies has been determined. It was found that the intensive growth of the mushroom fruiting bodies begins after a sharp cooling (a drop in night temperatures to 4-8 ° C), which causes a stressful state of the mushroom. The amount of the effective stress temperatures is 4.6 ° C. Long-term phenological observations have revealed that the amount of the effective temperatures in the spring is 76.4 ° C, and in the autumn - 59.4 ° C. The duration of fruiting of oyster mushroom on log sections of hardwoods is 14 days in spring and 17 days in autumn longer than on softwoods blocks. It was found that the biomass of the fruiting bodies is directly dependent on the thickness of the log section, and, therefore, it is recommended to use log sections ranging from 35 cm to 50 cm in diameter and up to 30 cm in length.
Downloads
References
Bysko, N. A., Buteyko, L. F., Dudka, I. A. and Shevchenko, S.V. 1982. Cultivation of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus Kumm. By extensive way in Lviv region. Plant Resources, 18 (3): 407-411.
Bysko, N. A., Bukhalo, A. S. and Wasser, S. P. 1983. Higher edible basidiomycetes in superficial and deep culture. Naukova dumka, Kyev, 312 pp.
Bysko, N. А. and Dudka, I. А. 1987. Biology of cultivation of edible mushrooms of the genus Oyster mushroom. Naukova dumka, Kyev, 148 pp.
Černý, A. 1989. Parazitické dřevokazné houby, Ministerstvo lesnictví a vodního hospodářství a dřevozpracujícího průmyslu ČSR ve Státním zemědělském nakladatelství v Praze ve sbírce Lesnictví, myslivost a vodní hospodářství, Praha, 273 pp. (In Czech).
Kucheryavyj, V.P. 1999. Urboecology. Svit, Lviv, 360 pp.
Kucheryavyj, V.P. 2010. General ecology. Svit, Lviv, 520 pp.
Kucheryavyj, V. P., Popovych, V. V. and Les, M. M. 2016. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in the system of biocoenotic relations with pests. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 26 (8): 129-133. (In Ukrainian)
Luthardt, W. 1968. Speisepilze, die auf Holz wohnen. Steinach. Thur.: Vogel, Aritz, 357 pp. (In German).
Pakhomova, O. E. 2014. Ecology. Folio, Kharkiv, 666 pp.
Pasternak, V. P. and Yarotsky, V. Y. 2010. Stocks and dynamics of dead wood in the forests of northeastern Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of the National University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine, 152 (2): 93-100. Available at: http://elibrary.nubip.edu.ua/8888/1
Pavlík, M. 2005.Growing of Pleurotus ostreatus on woods of various deciduous trees. Acta Edulis Fungi, 12: 306-312.
Pavlik, M. and Pavlik, Š. 2013. Wood decomposition activity of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) isolate in situ. Journal of Forest Science, 59 (1): 28-33.
Piškur, B., Bajc, M., Robek, R., Humar, M., Sinjur, I., Ka¬dunc, A., Oven, P., Rep, G., Al Sayegh, P. S., Kraigher, H., Jurc, D. and Pohleven, F. 2011. Influence of Pleurotus ostreatus inoculation on wood degradation and fungal colonization. Bioresource Technology, 102: 10611–10617.
Popovych, V. V., Les, M. M. 2014. Destruction of wood waste under the influence of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium. Bulletin of the Lviv State University of Life Safety, 9: 160-165. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vldubzh_2014_9_23
Veretenikov, A. V. 1987. Plant physiology with the basics of biochemistry. Voronezh University Press, Voronezh, 256 pp.
