EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF CEREBRUM IN PYCNONOTUS LEUCOTIS (GOULD, 1836) (AVES, PASSERIFORMES, PYCNONOTIDAE)

Asmaa Basheer Abed; Wijdan Basheer Abid; Dalia H. Al-Hamawandy

doi:10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.4.0793

Authors

Asmaa Basheer Abed Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al- Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Wijdan Basheer Abid Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Dalia H. Al-Hamawandy Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2025.18.4.0793

Keywords:

Birds, Brain ventricles, Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Telencephalon.

Abstract

The present work aims to study the embryonic development of forebrain (Cerebrum) of a white-cheeked bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis (Gould, 1839) (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae). Specimens for embryonic development were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological study. The forebrain incubation consists of three layers, ependymal, mantle and marginal. The thickness of telencephalon was 43 μm while the thickness of diencephalon was 37 μm in an embryo of 48 hours incubation. The telencephalon consisted of two vesicles called cerebral hemispheres. The thickness of the telencephalon wall was 57 μm. The cerebral hemispheres in the embryo at 72 hours of incubation were differentiated, and the average thickness was 97 μm. The cerebral hemispheres contained two lateral ventricles, including right and left ventricles.