REVISION OF THE FAMILY CHLOROPIDAE (DIPTERA) IN IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2018.15.2.0113Keywords:
Brachycera, Chloropidae, Diptera, Eye fly, Grass fly, IraqAbstract
The aim of this study is to survey and make to revision the genera and species of Chloropidae fauna of Iraq. The investigation showed four species belonging four genera, which belongs to two subfamilies, and one unidentified species belonging to the genus Elachiptera Maquart, The specimens were compared with stored insects at Department of Entomology and invertebrates, Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum.
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References
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An, Sh. and Yang, D. 2005. Review of the genus Meromyza from China (Diptera: Chloropidae). Entomologica Fennica, 16: 151-158.
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Bereś, K. 2015. The occurrence and harmfulness of Oscinella frit L. (Diptera: Chloropidae) to maize cultivars cultivated for grain in South-Eastern Poland. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum seria Agricultura, 14(3): 15-24.
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Bram, R. A., George, J. E., Reichard, R. E. and Tabachnick, W. J. 2002. Threat of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39(3): 405-416.
Brues, C. T., Melander, A. L. and Carpenter, F. M. 1954. Classification of insects, key to the living and extint families of other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of Museum and Comparative Zoology at Harvard Collage, vol.108, Cambridge Mass., U.S.A. printed for the museum, 917pp.
Canzoneri, S. K., Gordoncov, N. P., Karivosheina, L. Minari, E. Nartshuki, E., Papp, A. R. and Rivosecch, I. 1995. Diptera Opomyzoidea, Carnoidea, Spheroceroidea, 1-27. In: MINELLI A., RUFFO S., LA POSTA S. (eds.), 1993-1995 – Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. Fascicoli 1-110. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna.
Cherian, P. T. 2002. The fauna of India and adjacent countries Diptera: Chloropidae, Siphonellospinae and Rhodesiellinae. Zoological Survey of India, Vol. IX Part I, 368pp.
Cole, F. R. 1969. The flies of Western North America. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, 693 pp.
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Curran, C. H. 1965. The families and genera of North American Diptera. 2nd rev. ed. Henry Trip, 515 pp.
Dawah, H. A. and Abdullah, M. A.2006. New records of Chloropidae (Diptera) from Southwest Saudi Arabia with some biological information, World-wide geographical distribution and taxonomic feature. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,13 (1): 24-34.
Deeming, J. C. and Al-Dhafer, H. M. 2012. Chloropidae from the Arabian Peninsula (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Zoology in the Middle East, 58: 3-86
El-Haidary, H., Fattah, Y. M. and Sultan, J. A. 1974. Contribution to the insect fauna of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Directorate General of Plant Protection, Part 5, Bulletin , No. 212, 12pp.
Essig, E. O. 1947. Collage Entomology. New York the MacMillan Book Company.900 pp. (Order: Diptera, Chapter 35: 728 – 818).
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Hussain, A. A. 1963. Provisional list of insects pests and bibliography of insect fauna of Iraq. Bulletin of College Science, University of Baghdad, 7: 43-83.
Gentry, J. W. 1965. Crop insects of Northeast Africa-Southwest Asia. Agricultur handbook No. 273, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 214pp.
Kanmiya, K. 1978. Revision of the genus Meromyza Meigen (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Japan, with three newly recorded species. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 13(14): 231-242.
Karpa, A. 2001. Revision of Chloropidae of the collection of B. A. Gimmerthal and a check-list of Latvian Chloropidae (Diptera). Latvijas Entomologs, 38: 21-26.
Khaghaninia, S. and Khameneh, R. N. 2015. Some of the grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) fauna of West Azarbaijan province – Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 47(2): 1573-1579.
Khalaf, A. N. and Al-Omar, M. A. 1974. A second list of insects from Iraq. Biological Research Center, Publication, No. 2, 41pp.
Khalaf, K. T. 1963. Faunistic notes in Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural Histore Museum, 2(8):1- 12.
Khamraev, A. Sh. and Davenport, C. F. 2004. Identification and control of agricultural plant pests and diseases in Khorezm and the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. ZEF Work Papers for Sustainable Development in Central Asia, No. 8, 132pp.
Khameneh, R. A. and Khaghaninia, S. 2016. Fauna of grass flies of the subfamily Chloropinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with three new records for Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1(2): 101–110
Khameneh R. A., Khaghaninia, S. and Kubik, S. 2016. Taxonomic study of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with two species as new records for the Iranian fauna. Biharean Biologist, 10 (2): 74-78
Kubík, Š. and Barták, M. 2017. Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae). ZooKeys, 667: 131–154 .
Lemckert, F. 2000. Parasitism of the common eastern froglet Crinia signifera by flies of the genus Batrachomyia (Diptera: Chloropidae): Parasitism rates and the influence on frog condition. Australia zoologist, 31(3): 492-495.
McAlpine, D. K. 1958. A key to the Australian families of Acalptrate Diptera (Insecta). Records of the Australian Museum, 24(12): 183–190.
Nartshuk, E. P. 1984. Family Chloropidae. In: Soós, Á. and Papp, L. (eds.),Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 10:Clusiidae- Chloropidae; 222–299. Budapest Akademiai Kiado, 402 pp.
Nartshuk, E. P. 2012. A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa, 3267: 1- 43.
Nartshuk, E. P. 2013. Grass flies of the family Chloropidae (Diptera) on Mediterranean islands. Zoosystematica Rossica, 22(1): 129–140.
.
Nartshuka, E. P. and Fedoseeva, L. I. 2011. A review of the grass flies of the Genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearctic fauna, with a key to the species, analysis of synonymy, host Specialization, and geographical distribution: Part 1 .Entomological Review, 91(1): 103-120
Nartshuk, E. P. and Kahanpää, J. 2014. Checklist of the family Chloropidae (Diptera) of Finland. ZooKeys, 441: 311–318.
.
Nartshuk, E. P., Martín, B. D. Marta, I. and Bordas, S. 2013. New Chloropidae from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Additions to the Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna from northern Spain, with new records. Boletin de la Asociation Espaňola De Entomologia, 37 (3-4): 173-179.
Nikpay, A., Nartshuk, E. P. and Goebel, F. R. 2017. New record of species complex of Chloropidae (Insecta: Diptera) from sugarcane fields in Iran. Entomologie Faunistique – Faunistic Entomology, 70:89-94.
Oldroyd, H. 1970. Diptera, Introduction and key to the families. Handbook for identification of British Insects, Royal Entomological Society of London, (1) 104 pp.
Petrova, V., Jankevica, L. and Samsone, I. 2013. Species of phytophagous insects associated with strawberries in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 67. (2): 124–129.
Pirvu, C. 2005. Diptera from the green corridor of the Danube (Romania). Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle «Grigore Antipa», 68:147-176.
Rabieh, M. M., Alikhani, M., Arkani, T., Taji, M. and Nartshuk, E. P. 2012. Checklist of grass flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) of Markazi province, Iran. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 23(2): 95–101.
Sabrosky, C. W. 1989. Chloropidae. In: Evenhuis N. L. (ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum (Natural History), 1437 pp.
Sathe, T. V., Kamble, C. and Jadav, D. 2014. Laboratory Diet for Adult Eye Fly Siphunculinaue funicola (Diptera: Chloropidae), A Forensic and Medical Pest. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1) 19-22.
Scudder, G. G. E. and Cannings, R. A. 2006. The Diptera families of British Colombia. The Diptera families of British Colombia, 158pp.
Unwin, D. M. 1981. A key to the families of British Diptera. Field studies, 5 : 513 – 553.
Van de Vyvere, I. and De Bruyn, L. 1988. Morphological and histochemical analysis of galls of Lipara lucens (Diptera, Chloropidae) on Phragmites australis (Poaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 76: 1374–1384.
Von Tschirnhaus, M. 2002. Feeding habitat and so-called phytophagy of Chloropidae (Diptera), p. 245. In: Fifth International Congress of Dipteriology, Abstract volumes, University of Brisbane, Australia, xxv + 296pp.
An, Sh. and Yang, D. 2005. Review of the genus Meromyza from China (Diptera: Chloropidae). Entomologica Fennica, 16: 151-158.
Bazyar, Z., Dousti, A. F., Von Tschirnhaus, M. and Fallahzadeh, M. 2015. A first overview of the fauna of Chloropidae of Iran (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39: 1041-1049.
Bereś, K. 2015. The occurrence and harmfulness of Oscinella frit L. (Diptera: Chloropidae) to maize cultivars cultivated for grain in South-Eastern Poland. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum seria Agricultura, 14(3): 15-24.
Borror, D. J. and White, R. E. 1970. A field guide to the insects of North Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, xi + 404pp.
Bram, R. A., George, J. E., Reichard, R. E. and Tabachnick, W. J. 2002. Threat of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39(3): 405-416.
Brues, C. T., Melander, A. L. and Carpenter, F. M. 1954. Classification of insects, key to the living and extint families of other terrestrial arthropods. Bulletin of Museum and Comparative Zoology at Harvard Collage, vol.108, Cambridge Mass., U.S.A. printed for the museum, 917pp.
Canzoneri, S. K., Gordoncov, N. P., Karivosheina, L. Minari, E. Nartshuki, E., Papp, A. R. and Rivosecch, I. 1995. Diptera Opomyzoidea, Carnoidea, Spheroceroidea, 1-27. In: MINELLI A., RUFFO S., LA POSTA S. (eds.), 1993-1995 – Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. Fascicoli 1-110. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna.
Cherian, P. T. 2002. The fauna of India and adjacent countries Diptera: Chloropidae, Siphonellospinae and Rhodesiellinae. Zoological Survey of India, Vol. IX Part I, 368pp.
Cole, F. R. 1969. The flies of Western North America. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, 693 pp.
Comstock, J. H. 1948. An introduction to Entomology. Ninth Edition Revised. Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company Inc, 1064 pp.
Curran, C. H. 1965. The families and genera of North American Diptera. 2nd rev. ed. Henry Trip, 515 pp.
Dawah, H. A. and Abdullah, M. A.2006. New records of Chloropidae (Diptera) from Southwest Saudi Arabia with some biological information, World-wide geographical distribution and taxonomic feature. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,13 (1): 24-34.
Deeming, J. C. and Al-Dhafer, H. M. 2012. Chloropidae from the Arabian Peninsula (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha). Zoology in the Middle East, 58: 3-86
El-Haidary, H., Fattah, Y. M. and Sultan, J. A. 1974. Contribution to the insect fauna of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Directorate General of Plant Protection, Part 5, Bulletin , No. 212, 12pp.
Essig, E. O. 1947. Collage Entomology. New York the MacMillan Book Company.900 pp. (Order: Diptera, Chapter 35: 728 – 818).
Hall, R. D. and Gerhardt, R. 2009. Flies (Diptera), Chapter 10: 137-152 . In: Mullen, G. R. and Durden, L. A. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Second Edition, Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, Xvii + 637pp.
Hussain, A. A. 1963. Provisional list of insects pests and bibliography of insect fauna of Iraq. Bulletin of College Science, University of Baghdad, 7: 43-83.
Gentry, J. W. 1965. Crop insects of Northeast Africa-Southwest Asia. Agricultur handbook No. 273, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 214pp.
Kanmiya, K. 1978. Revision of the genus Meromyza Meigen (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Japan, with three newly recorded species. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 13(14): 231-242.
Karpa, A. 2001. Revision of Chloropidae of the collection of B. A. Gimmerthal and a check-list of Latvian Chloropidae (Diptera). Latvijas Entomologs, 38: 21-26.
Khaghaninia, S. and Khameneh, R. N. 2015. Some of the grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) fauna of West Azarbaijan province – Iran. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 47(2): 1573-1579.
Khalaf, A. N. and Al-Omar, M. A. 1974. A second list of insects from Iraq. Biological Research Center, Publication, No. 2, 41pp.
Khalaf, K. T. 1963. Faunistic notes in Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural Histore Museum, 2(8):1- 12.
Khamraev, A. Sh. and Davenport, C. F. 2004. Identification and control of agricultural plant pests and diseases in Khorezm and the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. ZEF Work Papers for Sustainable Development in Central Asia, No. 8, 132pp.
Khameneh, R. A. and Khaghaninia, S. 2016. Fauna of grass flies of the subfamily Chloropinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with three new records for Iran. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 1(2): 101–110
Khameneh R. A., Khaghaninia, S. and Kubik, S. 2016. Taxonomic study of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with two species as new records for the Iranian fauna. Biharean Biologist, 10 (2): 74-78
Kubík, Š. and Barták, M. 2017. Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae). ZooKeys, 667: 131–154 .
Lemckert, F. 2000. Parasitism of the common eastern froglet Crinia signifera by flies of the genus Batrachomyia (Diptera: Chloropidae): Parasitism rates and the influence on frog condition. Australia zoologist, 31(3): 492-495.
McAlpine, D. K. 1958. A key to the Australian families of Acalptrate Diptera (Insecta). Records of the Australian Museum, 24(12): 183–190.
Nartshuk, E. P. 1984. Family Chloropidae. In: Soós, Á. and Papp, L. (eds.),Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 10:Clusiidae- Chloropidae; 222–299. Budapest Akademiai Kiado, 402 pp.
Nartshuk, E. P. 2012. A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa, 3267: 1- 43.
Nartshuk, E. P. 2013. Grass flies of the family Chloropidae (Diptera) on Mediterranean islands. Zoosystematica Rossica, 22(1): 129–140.
.
Nartshuka, E. P. and Fedoseeva, L. I. 2011. A review of the grass flies of the Genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearctic fauna, with a key to the species, analysis of synonymy, host Specialization, and geographical distribution: Part 1 .Entomological Review, 91(1): 103-120
Nartshuk, E. P. and Kahanpää, J. 2014. Checklist of the family Chloropidae (Diptera) of Finland. ZooKeys, 441: 311–318.
.
Nartshuk, E. P., Martín, B. D. Marta, I. and Bordas, S. 2013. New Chloropidae from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Additions to the Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna from northern Spain, with new records. Boletin de la Asociation Espaňola De Entomologia, 37 (3-4): 173-179.
Nikpay, A., Nartshuk, E. P. and Goebel, F. R. 2017. New record of species complex of Chloropidae (Insecta: Diptera) from sugarcane fields in Iran. Entomologie Faunistique – Faunistic Entomology, 70:89-94.
Oldroyd, H. 1970. Diptera, Introduction and key to the families. Handbook for identification of British Insects, Royal Entomological Society of London, (1) 104 pp.
Petrova, V., Jankevica, L. and Samsone, I. 2013. Species of phytophagous insects associated with strawberries in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 67. (2): 124–129.
Pirvu, C. 2005. Diptera from the green corridor of the Danube (Romania). Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle «Grigore Antipa», 68:147-176.
Rabieh, M. M., Alikhani, M., Arkani, T., Taji, M. and Nartshuk, E. P. 2012. Checklist of grass flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) of Markazi province, Iran. An International Journal of Dipterological Research, 23(2): 95–101.
Sabrosky, C. W. 1989. Chloropidae. In: Evenhuis N. L. (ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum (Natural History), 1437 pp.
Sathe, T. V., Kamble, C. and Jadav, D. 2014. Laboratory Diet for Adult Eye Fly Siphunculinaue funicola (Diptera: Chloropidae), A Forensic and Medical Pest. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1) 19-22.
Scudder, G. G. E. and Cannings, R. A. 2006. The Diptera families of British Colombia. The Diptera families of British Colombia, 158pp.
Unwin, D. M. 1981. A key to the families of British Diptera. Field studies, 5 : 513 – 553.
Van de Vyvere, I. and De Bruyn, L. 1988. Morphological and histochemical analysis of galls of Lipara lucens (Diptera, Chloropidae) on Phragmites australis (Poaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 76: 1374–1384.
Von Tschirnhaus, M. 2002. Feeding habitat and so-called phytophagy of Chloropidae (Diptera), p. 245. In: Fifth International Congress of Dipteriology, Abstract volumes, University of Brisbane, Australia, xxv + 296pp.
