SURVEY WITH CHECKLIST OF THE INVASIVE INSECTS TO IRAQ

Authors

  • Razzaq Shalan Augul Entomology and Invertebrates Department, Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Hanaa H. Al-Saffar Entomology and Invertebrates Department, Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.3.0343

Keywords:

Insects, Invasive, Iraq, Species, Survey

Abstract

The survey and checklist of invasive species of the insects in some different localities of Iraq are revised; 24 invasive species were documented until December 2018 during the current investigations. The species distributions, common names and synonyms are given.

 

The current investigation included all of exotic species in Iraq, which are not collected during this study.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, G., Arif, M. J. and Saeed, S. 2005. Systematic status of a new species of the genus Phenacoccus Cockerell (Pseudococcidae), a serious pest of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 27: 83-84.

Abdel-Dayem, M. S., Fad, H. H., El-Torkey, A. M., Elgharbawy, A. A., Aldryhim, Y. N., Kondratieff, C. B., Al Ansi, A. N. and Aldhafer, H. M. 2017. The beetle fauna (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Rawdhat Khorim National Park, Central Saudi Arabia. Zookeys, 653: 1-78.

Abd-Rabou S., Germain, J. F. and Malausa, T. 2010. Phenacoccus parvus Morrison et P. Solenopsis Tinsley, deux Cochenilles nouvelles pour 1'Egypte (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin de la Socie'te' Entomoloque de France, 115(4): 509-510.

Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. 1971. Notes on the parasites and predators of Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) from Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 5(1): 19-21.

Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. 2014. A new host record for tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyric, 1917) in Baghdad province, Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 13(1): 15-18.

Abdul-Rassoul, M. S. and Al-Malo, I. M. 2016. First record of nigra scale, Parasaissetia nigra (Niether,1861) (Hemiptera; Coccidae) as pest of fig trees in Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 14(2): 171-178.

Abdul-Rassoul, M. S., Ali. H. A. and Jassim, F. A. 1996. Notes on Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera, Calliphoridae) first record from Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 8(4): 113-115.

Abdul-Rassoul, M. S., Al-Malo, I. M. and Hermiz, F. B. 2015. First record and host plants of Solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Iraq. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 7(2): 216-222.

Abdul Razzak, A. S., Al-Yasiri, I. I. and Fadhil, H. Q. 2010. First record of tomato borer (tomato moth) Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato crop in Iraq. Arab and Near East Plant Protection Newsletter, 51: 31.

Abdulrazak, A. S., Hadwan, H. A., Hassan, S. A., Aydan, N. I. and Mohammed, A. K. 2016. New record of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae: Diptera) in Iraq. Arab and Near East Plant Protection Newsletter, 69: 3. Available at: http://www.asplantprotection.org/PDF/ANEPPN/ANEPPNL69En.pdf

Ab Majid, A. H. and Zahran, Z. 2015. Resurgence of tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) infestation in Malaysia: Control strategies and challenges faced by urban pest control operator (PCO). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(3): 419-422.

Abul-Hab, J. 1979. On the bed bugs (Hemiptera, Cimicidae) in Iraq. Iraq Bulletin of the Endemic Diseases, 19 (1-4): 65-76.

Abul-Hab, J. K. 1980. A list of arthropoda of medical and veterinary importance recorded from Iraq. Bulletin of Biological Research Center, 12(1): 9-39.

Admin. 2010. Exotic mealybug species-a major pest in cotton. Available at: http:// the beatsheet.com.au/ mealybugs/exotic mealybug species a major new pest in cotton.

Ahrens, D. 2007. Taxonomic changes and an updated catalogue for the Palaearctic Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa, 1504: 1-51.

Ahrens, D., Arnone, M. and Massa, B. 2006. Maladera insanabilis (Brenske, 1894), invasive species in the Mediterranean region and its distribution in Libya (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini). Il Naturalista siciliano, 30: 349-357.

Akintola, A. J. and Ande, A. T. 2008. First record of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus rosasinensis in Nigeria. Agricultural Journal (Medwell Journals, Pakistan), 3(1): 1-3.

Alahmed, A. M. 2002. Incidence of myiasis in sheep caused by Chrysomya bezziana Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University, 14: 109-112.

Al-Ali, A. 1977. Phytophagous and entomophagous insects and mites of Iraq. Natural History Research Center, Publication, 33: 1-142.

Aletby, M. A. A. W. 2016. First record of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) on the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera in Basrah, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1): 1-6.

Al-Haidary, D. 1947. The fruit fly (Mediterranean fruit fly). The Journal of Iraqi Agriculture, 2(4): 229-225. (In Arabic)

Alimdzhanov, R. A. and Bronshtein, T. G. 1956. Coccoidea. Invertebrate animals of the Zeravshan Basin.100th Akad. Nauk Uzbek. Tashkent, 348 pp.

Al-Jamali, N. A., Abu-Digha, A. B. and Al-Ghazali, N. A. 2017. New record of the asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae ) in the ornamental Nurseries in Karbala – Iraq. Journal of Kerbala University, 13(1): 102-107.

Al-Jassany, R. F., Al-Malo, I. M. and Dawi, H. I. 2012. New record of the parasitoid, Cryptus inculcator (L.) on larvae and pupa of greater wax moth in Iraq. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43(1): 71-76.

Al-Jassany, R. F., Al-Malo, E. M. and Al-Juboory, A. B. 2016. A new recording of the rose beetle Maladera insanabilis (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) on some ornamental and fruit plants in Iraq. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4: 172-174.

Al-Jiboory, I. J. 2007.Ceratitis capitata (Wiedeman) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Disaster pest in citrus and other fruits orchards. Leaflet, 43pp. (In Arabic)

Al- Saffar, H. H. 2011. Taxonomic study of fruit fly family: Tephritidae (Insecta: Diptera) from some governorates of Iraq. Ph.D. Thesis in Sciences of Biology- Zoology, Collage of Science, University of Baghdad, 179 pp. (In Arabic)

Al-Shammary, N. 2004. Studies on the jasmine whitefly, Aleuroclava jasmine with some methods of control. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Plant Protection, Collage of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, 159 pp. (In Arabic)

Al-Saeedi, H. M. L. 2015. Survey for species of genus Oryctes spp. (Coleoptera: Dynastidae) in middle and south of Iraq and evaluation some methods for their control. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, 139 pp. (In Arabic)

Al T'oma, Z. A. M. and van der Linde, K. 2010. First records of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Basra governorate in Iraq. Drosophella Information Service, 93: 197-200.

Amin, A. H., Emam, A. K. and Helmi, A. 1997. A new record on a whitefly species of the genus Aleurotuberculatus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on citrus trees in Egypt. Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent, 62(2a): 349-354.

Babu, S. R. 2016. Note on the occurrence of spherical mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) and their parasitoids on soybean in southern Rajasthan. Current Biotica, 9(4): 373-375.

Badawy, A. 1967. The morphology and biology of Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., a citrus leaf miner in the Sudan. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt, 51: 95-103.

Beattie, A. and Hardy, S. 2004. Citrus leafminer. Department of Primary Industries, Industry & Investment New South Wales. Available at: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/137634/citrus-leafminer.pdf.

Barahoei, H., Nader, F. and Rakhshani, E. 2015. Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) fauna of Isfahan Province of Central Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39: 279-284.

Ben-Dov, Y. 1994. A systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Intercept Limited, Anover, UK, 686pp.

Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. and Gipson, G. A. P. 2010. ScaleNet. Available at: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/catalog s/pseudoco/Nipaecocusviridis.htm

Bhatti, J. S. 1980. Species of the genus Thrips from India (Thysanoptera). Systematic Entomology, 5(2): 109-166.

Bhawane, G. P., Mamlayya, A. B., Wagh, S. R. and Chaugule, A. K. 2012. Diversity of white grub beetles and their host range from Northern Western.Ghats, Kolhapur district (MS) India. The Bioscan, 7(4): 589-596.

Bodenheimer, F. S. 1951. Citrus entomology in the Middle East, with special references to Egypt, Iran, Irak, Palestine, Syria, Turkey. The Netherland Press, Hoistema Brother-Groninger (Holad), 664pp.

Borchsenius, N. S. 1949. A new genus and new species of hard and soft scales (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of USSR fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 30: 334-353.

Broad, G. R. 2016. Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera – Ichneumonidae. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4: e9042. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4. e9042

CAB. 1970. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology. Phyllocnistis citrella Stnt. In: Distribution maps of pests. Ser. A, Map No. 274. The Eastern Press Ltd., London.

CABI. 2007. Crop Protection Compendium. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International (CABI), Wallingford, UK.

Cabello, T., Gallego, J. R., Fernandez, F. J., Gamez, M., Vila, E. and Del Pino, M. 2012. Biological control strategies for the south american tomato moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in greenhouse tomatoes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105: 2085–2096.

Capinera, J. L. 2001. Handbook of vegetable pests. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 729pp.

Carpenter, J. B. 1975. Notes on date culture in the Arab Republic of Egypt, Israel and the people's democratic republic of Yemen. Date Growers' Institute Report, 52: 18-24.

Carpenter, J. B. and Elmer, H. S. 1978. Pests and diseases of the date palm. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 527: 1- 42.

Castrezana, S. 2007. New records of Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in North America and a key to identify some Zaprionus species deposited in the Drosophila Tucson Stock Center. Drosophila Information Service, 90: 34-36.

Cheragian, A. 2014. A guide for diagnosis and detection of quarantine pests, pomegranate scale Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) Hemiptera: Coccidae. Islamic Republic of Iran. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization, 9 pp.

Chiu, S. C. 1985. Biological control of citrus pests in Taiwan. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Special Report, 19: 1-8.

Clausen, C. P. 1927. The citrus insects of Japan. USDA, Washington, D.C., Technical Bulletin, 15: 1-15.

Clausen, C. P. 1933. The citrus insects of tropical Asia. USDA, Washington, D.C. Circular, 266: 1-35.

Cronk, Q. C. B. and Fuller, J. C. 1995. Plant invasions: the threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, London, xiv + 241 pp.

Culik, M. P. and Gullan, P. J. 2005. A new pest of tomato and other records of mealy bugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, 964:1-8.

Curran, C. H. 1965. The families and genera of North American Diptera.2ed rev. ed. Henry Trip, 515 pp.

Cutler, G. C. and Rogers R. E. L. 2009. New record of the asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow), in Atlantic Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 140: 40-45.

Danzig, E. M. 1972. Contributions to the knowledge of the scale insects fauna (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of Afghanistan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 51: 581-584.

De Meyer, M., White, I. M. and Goodger, K. F. M. 2013. Notes on the frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) fauna of western Africa, with description of a new Dacus species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 50: 1–17. doi: 10.5852/ejt.2013.50

Desneux, N., Wajnberg, E., Wyckhuys, K. A. G., Burgio, G., Arpaia, S. C. A., Narva´ezVasquez, S. C. A., lez-Cabrera, J. G., Ruescas, D. C., Tabone, E., Frandon, J., Pizzol, J., Poncet, C., Cabello,T. and Urbaneja, A. 2010. Biological invasion of European tomato crops by Tuta absoluta: ecology, geographic expansion and prospects for biological control. Journal Pest Science, 83: 197–215.

Djalayer, T., Maleki, M. and Moghtader, M. 1978. Human urogenital myiasis caused by Chrysomyia bezziana. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 7: 116-119.

Ebeling, W. 1959. Subtropical fruit pests. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 436 pp.

El-Gendy, I. R. 2002. Stidieson peach fruit fly. Bactrocera zonata at el-Behira Governorate. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 127pp.

El-Haidari, H., Fattah, Y. and Sultan, J. 1972. Contribution to the insect fauna of Iraq, Part 4. Ministry Agricultura Iraq Bulletin, 18: 1- 17.

El Harym, Y. and Belqat, B. 2017. First checklist of the fruit flies of Morocco, including new records (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys, 702: 137-171. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.702.13368

El-Jboory, I. 2004. A new potato pest in Northern Iraq: Disease and pest outbreaks – Iraq. Arab and Near East Plant Protection Newsletter, 38: 27.

Endrodi, S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the world. First edition, Vol. 28; Springer Netherlands, 842pp.

EPPO. 2002. Bactrocera zonata: introduction into the EPPO region and its identification by Dr Ian M. White. Available at: https:// www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/shortnotes_qps/bactrocera_zonata.

EPPO. 2009. Tuta absoluta found on Phaseolus vulgaris in Sicilia (IT), EPPO Reporting Service no. 08 - 2009 Num. article: 2009/154. Available at: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-342.

EPPO. 2011a. Ceratitis capitata. Available at: https://gd.eppo.int/download/standard/228/pm7-104-1-en.pdf

EPPO. 2011b. New pest records in EPPO member countries. EPPO Reporting Service 4, 2011/082. Available at: https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-199.

Fletcher, T. B. 1920. Life histories of Indian insects, Microlepidoptera. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, 6: 1-217.

Fujiyama, S. 1983. The larval diapause of three Scarabaeid beetles and its function in their life cycles. In: Brown, V. K. and Hodek, I. (eds.). Diapause and life cycle strategies in insects. Dr. W. Junk Publisher, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 55–66.

Gasca-Álvarez, H. J. and Amat-García, G. 2010. Synopsis and key to the genera of Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae) of Colombia. ZooKeys, 34: 153–192.

Granara de Willink, M. C. 2003. New records and host plants of Phenacoccus sp. for Argentina (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Revta Sociedad Entomologia Argentina, 62: 80-82.

Gutierrez, A. P. and Ponti L. 2014. Analysis of invasive insects: links to climate change. In: Ziska, L. H. and Dukes J. S. (eds.), Invasive species and global climate change. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, p 45-61. DOI 10.1079/9781780641645.0045

Hafsi, A., Abbes, K., Harbi, A., Ben Othman, S., Limem, E., Ksantini, M. and Chermiti, B. 2015. The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): A new pest of curcubits in Tunisia. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 45(2): 209-213.

Hamodi, A. A. and Abdul-Rssoul, M. S. 2012. New record of Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Iraq. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 30(1): 142-144.

Hassan, F. 2012. First record of the Eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in Iraq. Acta Agrobotanica, 65(3): 93-98.

Hussain, A. A. 1963. Provisional list of insect pests and bibliography of insect fauna of Iraq. Bulletin Collage Sciences, 7: 43-83.

Irish, S., Lindsay, T. and Wyatt, N. 2014. Key to adults of Afrotropical species of the genus Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). African Entomology, 22(2): 297-306.

Ibrahim, O., Syed, U. M. and Tomecki, K. J. 2017. Bedbugs: Helping your patient through an infestation. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(3): 207–211. Doi:10.3949/ccjm.84a.15024

IIE. 1995. Distribution maps of pests, Series A, no. 323 (1st revision). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Jabbar, A. S., Abdul-Qhader, A. A. and Al-Ebadi, H. M. T. 2016. New record of scale insects species in Iraq. Journal of Misan Researches, 12(23): 40-54.

Jones, J. 2001. Citrus leafminer. Arizona crop information site. Available at: http://ag.arizona.edu/crops/crops.html.

Karam, H. H. and El-Minshawy, A. M. 2016. Maladera insanabilis (Brenske, 1894), (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Sericini): A new horticultural pest in Egypt. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16(5): 487-489.

Kaydan, M. B., Çaliskan, A. F. and Ulusoy, M. R. 2013. New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. EPPO Bulletin, 43(1): 169-171.

Kollár, J., Bakay, L. and Pástor, M. 2016. First Record of the cottony cushion scale Iceryapurchasi (Hemiptera, Monophlebidae) in Slovakia. Plant Protection Science, 52(3): 1-3.

Kremmer, L., David, J., Borowiec, N., Thaon, M., Ris, N., Poorie, M. and Gatti, J. L. 2017. The african fig fly Zaprionus indianus: a new invasive pest in France. Bulletin of Insectology, 70(1): 57-62.

Larrain, S. P. 2002. Insect and mite pest incidence on sweet pepinos Solanum muricatum (Ait.) cultivated in the IV Region, Chile. Agricultura-Tecnica, 62(1): 15-26.

Luo, Z. and Zhou, C. M. 2001. Record of the citrus whiteflies in China. [Chinese] South China Fruits, 30(1): 14-16.

Martin, J. H. 1999. The whitefly fauna of Australia (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae), a taxonomic account and identification guide. CSIRO Entomology, CSIRO, Canberra, Technical Paper, 38: 1-197.

Matile-Ferrero, D. 1988. Sternorrhyncha: Suborder Coccoidea of Saudi Arabia (Part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 9: 23-38.

Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Fisher, N. and La Salle, J. 2004. Taxonomy and biology of Leptocybe invasa Gen. & Sp. N. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an invasive gall inducer on Eucalyptus. Australian Journal of Entomology, 43: 101-113.

Mizzi, S., Dandria, D., Mifsud, D. and Longo, N. 2009. The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) in Malta (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 2: 111-112.

Moanas, A. M. H. and Abdul –Rassoul, M. S. 1989. First record of Dacus ciliates Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a pest of cucumber in Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 8(2): 173–174.

Moghaddam, M. 2013. An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334:1-93.

Moghaddam, M. and Bagheri, A. N. 2011. A new record of mealybug pest in the south of Iran, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 30(1): 67- 69.

Mohebban, S., Takallozadeh, H. M., Barahoei, H. and Madjdzadeh, M. 2015. New records of Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species from Kerman provinces, Southeast Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 4(3): 337-349.

Mokhtar, A. M. 2009. Insect pests of date palm, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Date palm, 38pp.

Mound, L. A. and Azidah, A. A. 2009. Species of the genus Thrips (Thysanoptera) from Peninsular Malaysia, with a checklist of recorded Thripidae. Zootaxa, 2023: 55–68.

Muniappan, R., Shepard, B. M., Watson, G. W., Carner, G., Rauf, R. A., Sartiami, D., Hidayat, P., Afun, J. V. K., Goergen, G. and Ziaur Rahman, A. K. M. 2011. New records of invasive insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 26(4): 167-174.

Myartseva, S. N. 1982. New data on encyrtids (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae): Parasites of scale insects (Homoptera, Coccoidea) living on Phragmites australis. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye, 61(1): 153-163.

Nagamine, W. T. and Heu, R. A. 2003. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Available at: http://hawaii.gov/ hdoa/pi/ppc/npa-1/npa00-01-climiner2.pdf

Navidpour, S., Hoghooghi-Rad, N., Goodarzi, H. and Pooladgar, A. R. 1996. Outbreak of Chrysomyia bezziana in Khoozestan province, Iran. Veterinary Record, 139: 217-217.

Noss, R. F. 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology, 4: 355-364.

Norris, K. R. and Murray, M. D. 1964. Notes on the screw-worm fly Chrysomyia bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a pest of cattle in Papua New Guinea. Technical Paper, Division of Entomology, CSIRO Australia, 6: 1-26.

O’Connor, J. P., Nash, R. and Fitton, M. G. 2007. A catalogue of the Irish Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Occasional Publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 10: 1-318.

Oerke, E. C. and Dehne, H. W. 2004.Safeguarding production losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23: 275‐285.

Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R. and Morrison, D. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of non‐indigenous species in the United States. BioScience, 50: 53‐65.

Potting, R. 2009. Pest risk analysis, Tuta absoluta, tomato leaf miner moth. Plant protection service of the Netherlands, 24 pp. Available at: www.minlnv.nl.

Povolny, D. 1994. Gnorimoschemini of South America VI: identification keys checklist of Neotropical taxa and general considerations (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Steenstrupia, 20(1): 1-42.

Prishanthini, M. and Laxmi, V. M. 2009.The Phenococcus solenopsis. Department of Zoology, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Available at: http:// www.dailynews.lk/2009/07/01 /fea30.asp

Pruthi, H. S. and Mani, M. S. 1945. Our knowledge of the insect and mine pests of the citrus in India and their control. Imperial Council Agricultural Research Sciences Monograph, 16: 1-42.

Rajapaksa, N. and Spradbery, J. P. 1989. Incidence of the old world screw-worm fly Chrysomyia bezziana, on livestock vessels and commercial aircraft. Australian Veterinary Journal, 66: 94-94.

Rajulu, G. S. and Gowri, N. 1988. A comparative study of the chorion of the DDT-resistant and susceptible strains of Thrips palmi Karny. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 23(3-4): 331-341.

Renkema, J. M., Miller, M., Fraser, H., Légaré, J-Ph. and Hallett, R. H. 2013. First records of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from commercial fruit fields in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 144: 125–130.

Rohela, K., Jamaiah, I., Amir, L. and Nissapatorn,V. 2006. A case of auricular myiasis in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 37: 91-94.

Sasscer, E. R. 1915. Important insect pests collected on imported nursery stock in 1914. Journal of Economic Entomology, 8: 268-270.

Sharaf, N. S. and Meyerdirk, D. E. 1987. A review of the biology, ecology and control of Nipaecoccus viridis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 66: 1-18.

Skelley, P. E. 2012. The asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow 1913) (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae), a white grub pest new to Florida. Pest Alret, 2 pp. Available at: https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/23855/486011/maladera-castanea.pdf

Spradbery, J. P. 1992. A manual for diagnosis of screwworm fly, Department of primary Industries and Energy, CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia, iv + 62 pp.

Stainton, H. T. 1856. Descriptions of three species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (n.s.), 3: 301-304.

Steck, G. J. 2006. The mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Pest Alert, 4pp. Available at: https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/66416/1601214/Pest_Alert_-_Ceratitis_capitata,_Mediterranean_Fruit_Fly.pdf

Stocks, I. C. 2010. Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), a new exotic mealybug in South Florida Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Pest Alert, 4pp. Available at: https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/66447/1601512/Pest_Alert_-_Nipaecoccus_viridis,_a_New_Exotic_Mealybug.pdf

Sutherst, R. W., Spradbery, J. P. and Maywald, G. F. 1989. The potential geographical distribution of the old world screw-worm fly, Chrysomyia bezziana. Medical and Veterinary Entomolgy, 3: 273-280.

Sundararaj, R. 1999. Redescription and a new host record for Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) from India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 61(2): 192-194.

Tanaka, H. and Tabata, J. 2014. A new record of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 from Kyushu District, Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 17(3): 119-120.

Tinsley, J. D. 1898. Notes on coccidae, with description of new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 30:317-320.

Urbaneja, A., Vercher, R., Navarro, V., Garcı´a Marı´, F. and Porcuna. J. L. 2007. La polilladeltomate, Tuta absoluta. Phytoma Espan˜a, 194:16–23.

Usinger, R. L. 1966. Monograph of Cimicidae. Thomas Say Foundation, vol. 7. Entomological Society of America, College Park, MD, 572pp.

van der Linde, K., Steck, G. J., Hibbard, K., Birdsley, J. S., Alonso, L. M. and Houle, D. 2006. First records of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a pest species on commercial fruits from Panama and the United States of America. Florida Entomologist, 89: 111–121.

White, I. M. 2002. Identification of peach fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). In: The Eastern Mediterranean. The Natural History Museum London, UK, 21pp.

White, I. M. 2006. Taxonomy of Dacinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Africa and the Middle East. African Entomology Memoir, 2: 1-156.

White, I. M. and Elson-Harris, M. M. 1994. Fruit flies of Economic significance. There identification and bionomics. CAB International, UK, 608pp.

White, I. M. and Gooder, K. F. M. 2009. African Dacus (Diptera:Tephritidae); new species and data, with particular references to the Tel Aviv University collection. Zootexa, 2127: -49.

Wylie, F. and Speight, R. 2012. Insect pests in tropical forestry. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 365 pp.

Yassin, A. and David, J. R. 2010. Revision of the Afrotropical species of Zaprionus (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with descriptions of two new species and notes on internal reproductive structures and immature stages. ZooKeys, 51: 33-72.

Yassin A., Capy, P., Madi-Ravazzi, L., Ogereau, D. and David J. R. 2008. DNA barcode discovers two cryptic species and two geographical radiations in the invasive drosophilid Zaprionus indianus. Molecular Ecology Resources, 8(3): 491-501.

Yousuf, M., Tayyib, M. and Shazia, S. 2007. Mealybug problem on cotton in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 24: 49–50.

Zaid A. 1999. African palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis F. attack on date palm in the Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe. Middle East Red Palm Weevil Workshop, 26-29 January, 1999; Cairo-Egypt.

Zumpt, F. 1965. Myiasis in man and animal of the old world. Butterworths, London, Xvi+267pp.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-27

Issue

Section

Original Articles